![]() In the second third of the century, Catalonia experienced significant as wealth from the industrial expansion grew, Catalonia saw a cultural coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers movements appeared. During the, Catalonia revolted against a large and burdensome presence of the royal army in its territory, being proclaimed a republic under French protection. Between 14, the and the queen of Castile married and ruled their realms together, retaining all of their distinct institutions and legislation. During the last Medieval centuries natural disasters, social turmoils and military conflicts affected the Principality. The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system, such as courts, constitutions, becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon's naval power and in the Mediterranean. ![]() In 1137, Barcelona and the were united by marriage under the the de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and monarchs in the in 1258. In the late 8th century, the counties of the and the were established by the kingdom as vassals across and near the eastern as a defensive barrier against invasions the eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish, the count of Barcelona, were called Catalonia.In the 10th century the became independent de facto.
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